Aperture

1. Human Eyes
2. The smaller the aperture the bigger the picture, the higher the apeture the smaller the picture.
3. The smaller aperture will bring all foreground and background objects in focus, and higher the apeture will make the forground objects sharp and the brackground.
4. Yeah, the F stop is available in my camera.

  F 16

F 2.8

Shutter Speed

 At the beinning while the sun is still partially up.
A. Fast Shutter speed

 B. Slow Shutter Speed

 C. Long Shutter speed

 D.Long Shutter speed

 E. Slow Shutter Speed

 F. Fast Shutter Speed

Towards the end when there is no sun and has gotten dark enought that you cant see for one end to another.
A. Slow Shutter speed

B. Long Shutter speed
C. Long Shutter speed
D. Long Shutter speed
E. Long shutter speed
D. Slow shutter speed

2. Auto mode- The shutter speed and apeture are automaticly on in effect by the camera.
    Aperture Priority mode- Set with the lens and the camera sets the shutter speed by itself
    Manual mode- You set both shutter speed and any other settings.

3.  "bulb"
30"
25"
20"
15"
13"
10"
8"
6"
5"
4"
3"2
2"5
2"
1"6
1"3
1"
0"8
0"6
0"5
0"4
0"3
1/4
1/5
1/6
1/8
1/10
1/13
1/15
1/20
1/25
1/30
1/40
1/50
1/60
1/80
1/100
1/125
1/160
1/400
1/640
1/1000
1/1600
1/1200